Pakistan law · questions and answers
What the Pakistan Penal Code actually says about murder, criminal breach of trust, dacoity, forgery, cheating, wrongful confinement and attempts — every answer names its section and links the official text.
Every answer below comes from the text of the statute named beside it — Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — as held in the Irshad AI Employee law library, and links to the official document so you can read the provision yourself.
This is research assistance, not legal advice. Statutes are amended: open the official text before relying on anything here, and speak to an advocate about your own matter.
امانت میں خیانت کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Amanat mein khayanat ki saza kya hai?
Under Section 406 of the Pakistan Penal Code, a person who commits criminal breach of trust—as defined in Section 405—may be punished with imprisonment of either description for up to seven years, a fine, or both.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 406, p. 144, 145 · read the official text
قتلِ عمد کی سزا پاکستان میں کیا ہے؟ Qatl-e-amd ki saza Pakistan mein kya hai?
Under Pakistan law, qatl-e-amd (intentional murder) is punishable under section 302 of the Pakistan Penal Code by qisas, death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for up to 25 years, depending on the applicable legal and evidentiary requirements. The Lahore High Court judgment cited explains that: - Qisas under section 302(a) applies only when the strict evidentiary requirements are met, such as a voluntary and truthful confession before a competent court or the required witness testimony. - If those standards are not met, the conviction may fall under section 302(b) as ta’zir. - The offence is non-bailable, and it is tried by the Court of Session.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 302, p. 111, 112 · read the official text
کسی کو غیر قانونی طور پر بند رکھنے کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Kisi ko ghair qanooni tor par band rakhne ki saza kya hai?
Under section 342 of the Pakistan Penal Code, wrongful confinement is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to one year, a fine of up to Rs. 3,000, or both. Longer confinement carries higher penalties: - Three days or more (section 343): up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both. - Ten days or more (section 344): up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 342, p. 125, 126 · read the official text
ڈاکہ زنی کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Daka zani ki saza kya hai?
Under Section 395 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, dacoity is punishable with imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for not less than four years and up to ten years, along with a fine.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 395, p. 88, 141 · read the official text
دیت کی رقم کیسے مقرر ہوتی ہے؟ Diyat ki raqam kaise muqarrar hoti hai?
Under section 323 of the Pakistan Penal Code, the court determines diyat in accordance with the injunctions of Islam in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, while considering the financial position of the convict and the victim’s heirs. The amount cannot be less than the value of 30,630 grams of silver. The Federal Government declares the applicable silver value through an Official Gazette notification, ordinarily on 1 July each year, and that value applies during the relevant financial year. Where diyat arises from a compromise, the cited case law states that the prevailing rate at the date of compromise, rather than the date of the offence, is relevant.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 323, p. 108, 112, 113 · read the official text
کیا خودکشی کی کوشش اب بھی جرم ہے؟ Kya khudkushi ki koshish ab bhi jurm hai Pakistan mein?
No. Attempting suicide is no longer a crime in Pakistan. Section 325 of the Pakistan Penal Code was omitted through the Criminal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2022, effective 28 December 2022. However, other offences may still apply depending on the conduct involved—for example, negligent conduct involving a poisonous substance remains an offence under section 284 PPC.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 325, p. 1, 30, 146 · read the official text
دھوکے کے لیے جعلی دستاویز بنانے کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Dhoke ke liye jaali dastaawez banane ki saza kya hai?
Under section 468 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, forgery for the purpose of cheating is punishable with imprisonment of either description for seven years and a fine. Section 471 separately covers knowingly using a forged document as genuine; its punishment is the same as that applicable to forging that document.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 468, p. 264 · read the official text
جرم کی کوشش کرنے پر کیا سزا ہوتی ہے؟ Jurm ki koshish karne par kya saza hoti hai?
Under section 511 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, where the PPC does not expressly provide a separate punishment for an attempt, a person who attempts an offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment—and performs an act towards its commission—may be punished with: - imprisonment of a type prescribed for the offence, for up to one-half of the longest imprisonment term prescribed for it; - the fine or daman prescribed for the offence; or - both.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 511, p. 30, 179 · read the official text
اگر کئی افراد مل کر جرم کریں اور وار صرف ایک کرے تو کیا سب ذمہ دار ہیں؟ Agar teen aadmi mil kar jurm karein aur waar sirf aik kare, to kya sab zimmedar hain?
Yes. Under section 34 of the Pakistan Penal Code, all three may be jointly liable if the blow was struck in furtherance of their common intention, even though only one person physically struck it. Section 149, concerning an unlawful assembly, does not apply where the number of offenders is fewer than five. If common intention or another basis for joint liability cannot be established, each accused is responsible only for their own acts.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 34, p. 1, 30 · read the official text
سرکاری ملازم کو ڈیوٹی سے روکنے پر کیا جرم بنتا ہے؟ Sarkari mulazim ko duty se rokne par kya jurm banta hai?
Under section 186(1) of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, voluntarily obstructing a public servant in the discharge of public functions is an offence. It is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to one year, a fine of up to Rs. 50,000, or both. Under the Code of Criminal Procedure, prosecution generally requires a written complaint from the public servant concerned or a superior public servant.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 186, p. 1, 79 · read the official text
دھوکہ دہی کی قانونی تعریف کیا ہے؟ Dhoka dahi (cheating) ki qanooni tareef kya hai?
Under section 415 of the Pakistan Penal Code, “cheating” means deceiving a person and: - fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver property to anyone, or to consent to someone retaining property; or - intentionally inducing that person to do or omit something they would not otherwise do or omit, where this causes or is likely to cause harm to that person or another person in body, mind, reputation, or property. Dishonest concealment of facts also constitutes deception under this section.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 415, p. 30, 146 · read the official text
چیک باؤنس ہونے پر کیا سزا ہے؟ Cheque bounce hone par kya saza hai?
Under section 489-F of the Pakistan Penal Code, dishonestly issuing a cheque for repayment of a loan or fulfilment of an obligation, which is then dishonoured, is punishable with: - Imprisonment for up to three years - A fine - Both imprisonment and fine Not every bounced cheque constitutes an offence. The cheque must be valid, issued with dishonest intent for repayment of a loan or fulfilment of an obligation, and dishonoured upon presentation. The issuer has a defence if they prove that arrangements had been made for payment and the bank was at fault.
Source: 2023 LHC 2938 — Hayat Kimya Pakistan Pvt Ltd through Fatih Ustunel Vs Humair Yusuf etc (Mr. Justice Tariq Saleem Sheikh) · read the official text
ہتکِ عزت کی تعریف اور سزا کیا ہے؟ Hatak-e-izzat (defamation) ki tareef aur saza kya hai?
Under section 499 of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC), defamation occurs when a person, through spoken or written words, signs, or visible representations, makes an imputation about another person intending to harm—or knowing or having reason to believe it will harm—that person’s reputation. Section 499 also contains four Explanations and ten Exceptions. Under section 500 PPC, the punishment is: - Imprisonment for up to two years, or a fine, or both. - For the originator of the defamatory imputation, imprisonment may extend to five years, or a fine of at least Rs.100,000, or both.
Source: 2022 LHC 1786 — Meera Shafi etc Vs FOP etc (Mr. Justice Tariq Saleem Sheikh) · read the official text
دھوکہ دے کر مال حاصل کرنے کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Dhoka de kar maal hasil karne ki saza kya hai?
Under section 420 of the Pakistan Penal Code, cheating that dishonestly induces delivery of property is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to seven years and a fine.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 420, p. 23, 145, 147 · read the official text
دفعہ 489-ایف کے مقدمے میں استغاثہ کو کیا ثابت کرنا ہوتا ہے؟ 489-F ke muqadme mein istighasa ko kya sabit karna hota hai?
For a conviction under section 489-F PPC, the prosecution must prove: 1. A valid cheque was issued by the accused—or by a duly authorized agent or attorney. 2. The cheque was issued dishonestly, meaning with fraudulent intent or an intention to cause wrongful gain or wrongful loss. 3. It was issued to repay a loan or fulfil a financial or lawful obligation, such as one arising from an agreement, contract, service, or binding promise. 4. The cheque was dishonoured when presented. Dishonour alone does not constitute the offence; dishonest intention is essential and must be determined from the circumstances, evidence, and course of conduct. The accused bears the burden of establishing the statutory defence that arrangements had been made with the bank to honour the cheque and that its dishonour was the bank’s fault.
Source: 2022 LHC 1464 — Waqar Hussain Bhatti Vs The State etc. (Mr. Justice Tariq Saleem Sheikh) · read the official text
کسی نے میرے دستخط جعلی کر کے پیسے لے لیے، کون سا جرم بنتا ہے؟ Kisi ne mere dastakhat jaali kar ke paise le liye, kaunsa jurm banta hai?
The conduct may involve forgery for the purpose of cheating under section 468 PPC and, if the forged document was knowingly used as genuine, section 471 PPC. - Section 468 PPC: Making a false document—such as forging a signature—with the intention of deceiving someone into paying or parting with money. Its essential elements are forgery and cheating; cheating under section 415 PPC includes dishonest or fraudulent deception that induces a person to do something they otherwise would not have done. The punishment is imprisonment of either description for up to seven years and a fine. - Section 471 PPC: Fraudulently or dishonestly using the forged document as genuine while knowing, or having reason to believe, that it is forged. The punishment corresponds to the forgery of that document. - Section 464 PPC: Governs when a person is considered to have made a “false document,” which underlies the forgery allegation.
Source: 2026 LHC 4626 — Ansar Ali and other Vs The State etc. (Mr. Justice Tariq Saleem Sheikh) · read the official text
دفعہ 34 میں مشترکہ نیت کیا ہے؟ Dafa 34 mein mushtarka niyyat (common intention) kya hai?
Under section 34 of the Pakistan Penal Code, common intention means a meeting of minds or shared plan among several persons to commit a criminal act, with the act being done in furtherance of that shared intention. Key points from Abdul Aziz v. State (2022 LHC 6969): - Common intention may be inferred from the accused persons’ conduct, acts, and surrounding circumstances; direct evidence is often unavailable. - It is distinct from merely having similar intentions or knowledge of a co-accused’s act. - Mere presence at the scene does not by itself establish common intention. - When section 34 applies, each participant may be held jointly liable for the criminal act, regardless of the precise role each played. - Without proof of the necessary shared intention or concert, offenders are liable for their individual acts.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 34, p. 30, 146 · read the official text
ہتکِ عزت پر دیوانی اور فوجداری دونوں کارروائی ہو سکتی ہے؟ Hatak-e-izzat par diwani aur faujdari dono karwai ho sakti hai?
Both civil and criminal remedies exist against defamation in Pakistan. - Civil remedy: Under section 9 of the Defamation Ordinance, 2002, the court may order: - an apology acceptable to the plaintiff, published with similar prominence and in the same manner as the defamatory statement; - reasonable general compensatory damages, with a minimum of Rs.50,000; - for the originator of the defamatory statement, minimum general damages of Rs.300,000; and - any additional special damages proved to the court. - Criminal remedy: Defamation may also be prosecuted as a crime under the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, including sections 499–500, and under PECA where applicable. Section 11 of the Defamation Ordinance expressly states that a civil action does not prejudice criminal proceedings for libel or slander. Thus, a defamatory act can potentially result in both civil liability and criminal prosecution.
Source: Defamation Ordinance 2002, p. 1, 4 · read the official text
چوری کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Chori ki saza kya hai?
Under section 379 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, theft is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to three years, a fine, or both. More serious forms include: - Theft in a dwelling or place used to keep property (section 380): imprisonment for up to seven years, plus liability to a fine. - Theft by a clerk or servant of property in the employer’s possession (section 381): imprisonment for up to seven years, plus liability to a fine.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 379, p. 135, 137 · read the official text
دھمکی دینے کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Dhamki dene ki saza kya hai?
Under section 506 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, criminal intimidation is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to two years, a fine, or both. If the threat involves death, grievous hurt, destruction of property by fire, certain serious offences, or imputing unchastity to a woman, punishment may extend to seven years, a fine, or both.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 506, p. 176, 177 · read the official text
عدالت میں جھوٹی گواہی دینے کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Adalat mein jhooti gawahi dene ki saza kya hai?
Under section 193 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, intentionally giving or fabricating false evidence for use at any stage of a judicial proceeding is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to seven years, and the offender is also liable to a fine.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 193, p. 80, 81 · read the official text
رہزنی کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Rahzani (robbery) ki saza kya hai?
Under section 392 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, robbery is punishable with rigorous imprisonment for not less than three years and up to ten years, plus a fine. If committed on a highway, imprisonment may extend to fourteen years.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 392, p. 140, 141 · read the official text
بھتہ لینے کی سزا کیا ہے؟ Bhatta lene ki saza kya hai?
Under Section 384 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, extortion is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to three years, a fine, or both. More serious forms carry higher penalties: - Section 385: Putting or attempting to put someone in fear of injury to commit extortion—up to two years, a fine, or both. - Section 386: Extortion by fear of death or grievous hurt—up to ten years’ imprisonment and a fine. - Section 387: Putting or attempting to put someone in fear of death or grievous hurt to commit extortion—up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.
Source: Pakistan Penal Code 1860 — section 384, p. 138, 139 · read the official text
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Research assistance, not legal advice. Statutes are amended — open the official text linked beside each answer before relying on it, and consult an advocate about your own matter.
